Iinkqubo zeglasi ezingaguqukiyo ezihlangabezana nale mfuneko yolwakhiwo zithandwa kakhulu kwiindawo zokungena emhlabeni okanye kwiindawo zikawonke-wonke.Uphuculo lwamva nje lwetekhnoloji luye lwavumela ukusetyenziswa kwe-adhesives ye-ultra-high-high-strength ukudibanisa ezi pumices ezinkulu kwizinto ezincedisayo ngaphandle kwesidingo sokubhoboza imingxuma kwiglasi.
Indawo eqhelekileyo yomhlaba yandisa amathuba okuba isixokelelwano kufuneka sisebenze njengomaleko okhuselayo kubahlali bezakhiwo, kwaye le mfuneko ingaphezulu okanye igqithise kwiimfuno eziqhelekileyo zomthwalo womoya.Ezinye iimvavanyo zenziwe kwi-point fixing system ye-drilling, kodwa kungekhona kwindlela yokudibanisa.
Injongo yeli nqaku kukurekhoda uvavanyo lokulinganisa usebenzisa ityhubhu yokutshatyalaliswa kunye neentlawulo eziqhumayo ukulinganisa ukuqhuma ukulinganisa impembelelo yomthwalo oqhumayo kwindawo eboshiweyo ecacileyo.Ezi ziguquko ziquka umthwalo wokudubula ochazwe yi-ASTM F2912 [1], eyenziwa kwipleyiti encinci kunye nesandwich ye-ionomer ye-SGP.Olu phando lwesihlandlo sokuqala ukuba lukwazi ukulinganisa ukusebenza okunokuthi kuqhume kuvavanyo olukhulu kunye noyilo loyilo.Qhoboshela izixhobo ezine ze-TSSA ezinobubanzi obuyi-60 mm (2.36 intshi) kwipleyiti yeglasi enomlinganiselo we-1524 x 1524 mm (60 intshi x 60 intshi).
Amacandelo amane alayishwe kwi-48.3 kPa (7 psi) okanye angaphantsi awazange awonakalise okanye achaphazele i-TSSA kunye neglasi.Amacandelo amahlanu alayishwe phantsi koxinzelelo olungaphezulu kwe-62 kPa (i-9 psi), kwaye ezine zamacandelo amahlanu abonisa ukuphuka kweglasi, okubangela ukuba iglasi isuke ekuvuleni.Kuzo zonke iimeko, i-TSSA yahlala inamathele kwizixhobo zetsimbi, kwaye akukho kungasebenzi, ukubambelela okanye ukuxhamla kufunyenwe.Uvavanyo lubonise ukuba, ngokuhambelana neemfuno ze-AAMA 510-14, idizayini ye-TSSA evavanyiweyo inokubonelela ngenkqubo yokhuseleko esebenzayo phantsi komthwalo we-48.3 kPa (7 psi) okanye ngaphantsi.Idatha eveliswe apha ingasetyenziselwa ubunjineli benkqubo ye-TSSA ukuhlangabezana nomthwalo ochaziweyo.
UJon Kimberlain (Jon Kimberlain) yingcali yesicelo esiphezulu se-silicone ye-Dow Corning esebenza kakhulu.U-Lawrence D. Carbary (uLawrence D. Carbary) ngusosayensi we-Dow Corning osebenza kakhulu kwishishini lokwakha i-Dow Corning silicone kunye nomphandi we-ASTM.
I-attachment ye-silicone yesakhiwo yeepaneli zeglasi isetyenziswe phantse iminyaka eyi-50 ukunyusa i-aesthetics kunye nokusebenza kwezakhiwo zanamhlanje [2] [3] [4] [5].Indlela yokulungisa inokwenza udonga lwangaphandle olugudileyo oluqhubekayo kunye nokucaca okuphezulu.Umnqweno wokwanda kokungafihli kulwakhiwo ukhokelele kuphuhliso kunye nokusetyenziswa kweendonga ze-cable mesh kunye neendonga ezixhaswa ngebholiti zangaphandle.Ucelomngeni lolwakhiwo lwezakhiwo eziphawulekayo ziya kubandakanya ubuchwepheshe bale mihla kwaye kufuneka zihambelane nesakhiwo sasekhaya kunye neekhowudi kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko.
I-adhesive ye-silicone yesakhiwo esicacileyo (TSSA) ifundwe, kwaye indlela yokuxhasa iglasi kunye neendawo zokulungisa iibholiti endaweni yemingxuma yokubhoboza iye yacetywa [6] [7].Itekhnoloji yeglue ebonakalayo enamandla, ukunamathela kunye nokuqina kunoluhlu lweempawu ezibonakalayo ezivumela abaqulunqi bendonga yamakhethini ukuba bayile inkqubo yokudibanisa ngendlela ekhethekileyo kunye nentsha.
Izixhobo ezijikelezayo, ezixande kunye nezinxantathu ezidibana ne-aesthetics kunye nokusebenza kwesakhiwo kulula ukuyila.I-TSSA inyangwa kunye neglasi elaminethiweyo elungiswayo kwi-autoclave.Emva kokususa izinto eziphathekayo kumjikelezo we-autoclave, uvavanyo lokuqinisekisa lwe-100% lunokugqitywa.Le nzuzo yoqinisekiso lomgangatho ikhethekile kwi-TSSA kuba inokubonelela ngengxelo ekhawulezileyo malunga nolwakhiwo lwemfezeko yendibano.
Ukuchasana kwempembelelo [8] kunye nefuthe lokufunxa ukothuka kwezinto eziqhelekileyo ze-silicone zesakhiwo ziye zafundwa [9].Ingcuka et al.inike idatha eyenziwe yiYunivesithi yaseStuttgart.Ezi datha zibonisa ukuba, xa kuthelekiswa nesantya se-quasi-static strain esichazwe kwi-ASTM C1135, amandla okuqina omgangatho we-silicone yesakhiwo kwinqanaba eliphezulu le-5m / s (197in / s).Amandla kunye nobude buyanda.Ibonisa ubudlelwane phakathi koxinzelelo kunye neempawu zomzimba.
Kuba i-TSSA iyimathiriyeli elastiki kakhulu enemodyuli ephezulu kunye namandla kune-silicone yesakhiwo, kulindeleke ukuba ilandele ukusebenza ngokubanzi okufanayo.Nangona iimvavanyo zebhubhoratri ezinamazinga aphezulu oxinzelelo azange zenziwe, kunokulindelwa ukuba izinga eliphezulu loxinzelelo ekuqhumeni akuyi kuchaphazela amandla.
Iglasi ebotiweyo ivavanyiwe, idibana nemigangatho yokunciphisa ugqabhuko-dubulo [11], kwaye yaboniswa ngoSuku lokuSebenza kweGlasi ka-2013.Iziphumo ezibonakalayo zibonisa ngokucacileyo iingenelo zokulungisa ngomatshini iglasi emva kokuba iglasi yaphukile.Kwiinkqubo ezine-adhesive attachment ecocekileyo, oku kuya kuba ngumngeni.
Isakhelo senziwe ngeshaneli yentsimbi esemgangathweni yaseMelika enemilinganiselo ye-151mm ubunzulu x 48.8 mm ububanzi x 5.08mm ubukhulu bewebhu (6” x 1.92” x 0.20”), edla ngokubizwa ngokuba yi-C 6” x 8.2# slot.Imijelo ye-C idityaniswe ndawonye kwiikona, kwaye i-9 mm (0.375 intshi) icandelo elingunxantathu elishinyeneyo lidityaniswe kwiikona, libekwe umva ukusuka kumphezulu wesakhelo.Umngxuma oyi-18mm (0.71″) wagrunjwa kwipleyiti ukuze ibholithi enobubanzi obuyi-14mm (0.55″) ifakwe lula kuyo.
Izixhobo zetsimbi ze-TSSA ezinobubanzi obuyi-60 mm (2.36 intshi) ziyi-50 mm (i-intshi ezi-2) ukusuka kwikona nganye.Faka izinto ezine kwiqhekeza ngalinye leglasi ukwenza yonke into ilingane.Into ekhethekileyo ye-TSSA kukuba inokubekwa kufuphi nomda weglasi.Izixhobo zokugaya ukulungiswa komatshini kwiglasi zinemilinganiselo ethile eqala ukusuka kumda, ekufuneka ifakwe kwi-design kwaye kufuneka iqhutywe ngaphambi kokushisa.
Ubungakanani obusondeleyo kumda buphucula ukungafihli kwenkqubo egqityiweyo, kwaye kwangaxeshanye kunciphisa ukunamathela komdibaniso wenkwenkwezi ngenxa yetorque esezantsi kwindawo eqhelekileyo yeenkwenkwezi.Iglasi ekhethelwe le projekthi zimbini 6mm (1/4″) epholileyo ecacileyo 1524mm x 1524mm (5′x 5′) umaleko olaminated kunye neSentry Glass Plus (SGP) ionomer intermediate film 1.52mm (0.060) “).
Idiskhi ye-TSSA eyi-1 mm (i-intshi eyi-0.040) igalelwa kwi-60 mm (i-intshi eyi-2.36) ububanzi obufakwe kwintsimbi engenasici.I-primer yenzelwe ukuphucula ukuqina kokubambelela kwinsimbi engenasici kwaye ngumxube we-silane kunye ne-titanate kwi-solvent.I-disc yensimbi icinezelwe kwiglasi ngamandla alinganisiweyo we-0.7 MPa (100 psi) ngomzuzu omnye ukubonelela ukumanzisa kunye noqhagamshelwano.Beka amacandelo kwi-autoclave efikelela kwi-11.9 Bar (175 psi) kunye ne-133 C ° (272 ° F) ukwenzela ukuba i-TSSA ikwazi ukufikelela kwi-30-minute soak time efunekayo ukunyanga kunye nokudibanisa kwi-autoclave.
Emva kokuba i-autoclave igqityiwe kwaye ipholile, hlola i-TSSA nganye efanelekileyo kwaye uyiqinise kwi-55Nm (i-40.6 yeenyawo zeepounds) ukubonisa umthwalo osemgangathweni we-1.3 MPa (190 psi).Izixhobo ze-TSSA zibonelelwa yi-Sadev kwaye zichongwe njenge-R1006 ye-TSSA.
Hlanganisa umzimba oyintloko we-accessory kwi-disc yokunyanga kwiglasi kwaye uyihlise kwisakhelo sentsimbi.Lungisa kwaye ulungise amantongomane kwiibholiti ukwenzela ukuba iglasi yangaphandle ihlambuluke ngaphandle kwesakhelo sensimbi.I-13mm x 13mm (1/2″ x½”) idibaniso ejikeleze umjikelezo weglasi itywinwe ngesakhiwo esinamacandelo amabini e-silicone ukuze uvavanyo lomthwalo woxinzelelo luqalise ngosuku olulandelayo.
Uvavanyo lwenziwa kusetyenziswa ityhubhu yokothuka kwiLebhu yoPhando lweziqhushumbisi kwiYunivesithi yaseKentucky.I-tube yokutshitshisa i-shock iqulunqwe ngumzimba wensimbi oqiniweyo, onokufaka iiyunithi ukuya kwi-3.7mx 3.7m ebusweni.
I-tube yempembelelo iqhutywe ngokubeka iziqhushumbisi kunye nobude betyhubhu yokuqhuma ukulinganisa izigaba ezilungileyo kunye nezibi zesiganeko sokuqhuma [12] [13].Beka yonke iglasi kunye nesakhelo sentsimbi indibano kwityhubhu efunxa ukothuka ukuze uvavanywe, njengoko kubonisiwe kuMfanekiso 4.
Izinzwa ezine zoxinzelelo zifakwe ngaphakathi kwityhubhu yokutshatyalaliswa, ngoko uxinzelelo kunye ne-pulse inokulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo.Iikhamera zevidiyo ezimbini zedijithali kunye nekhamera ye-SLR yedijithali zisetyenziselwe ukurekhoda uvavanyo.
Ikhamera ye-MREL Ranger HR ye-high-speed ebekwe kufuphi nefestile ngaphandle kwetyhubhu yokuthuthumela ithathe uvavanyo kwiifrimu ze-500 ngesekhondi.Seta irekhodi yelaser ye-20 kHz deflection kufutshane nefestile ukulinganisa ukuphambuka kumbindi wefestile.
Amacandelo amane enkqubo-sikhokelo avavanywa izihlandlo ezilithoba xa zizonke.Ukuba iglasi ayishiyi indawo yokuvula, phinda uphinde uphinde udibanise icandelo phantsi koxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye neempembelelo.Kwimeko nganye, uxinzelelo olujoliswe kuyo kunye ne-impulse kunye ne-glass deformation data irekhodwa.Emva koko, uvavanyo ngalunye lulinganiswe ngokwe-AAMA 510-14 [Izikhokelo zeSistim yeFeststration yokuzithandela yokunciphisa ingozi yokuqhuma].
Njengoko kuchazwe ngasentla, iindibano zefreyimu ezine zavavanywa de iglasi isuswe ekuvuleni kwe-port blast.Injongo yovavanyo lokuqala kukufikelela kwi-69 kPa kwi-pulse ye-614 kPa-ms (10 psi A 89 psi-msec).Ngaphantsi komthwalo osetyenzisiweyo, ifestile yeglasi yaphuka kwaye yakhululwa kwisakhelo.Ukufakwa kwamanqaku e-Sadev kwenza i-TSSA ibambelele kwiglasi yomsindo ophukileyo.Xa iglasi eqinisiweyo yaphuka, iglasi yawushiya umngxuma emva kokuphambuka okumalunga ne-100 mm (i-intshi ezi-4).
Ngaphantsi kwemeko yokunyusa umthwalo oqhubekayo, isakhelo se-2 savavanywa ngamaxesha e-3.Iziphumo zibonise ukuba ukungaphumeleli akuzange kwenzeke de uxinzelelo lufikelele kwi-69 kPa (10 psi).Uxinzelelo olulinganisiweyo lwe-44.3 kPa (6.42 psi) kunye ne-45.4 kPa (6.59 psi) aluyi kuchaphazela ingqibelelo yecandelo.Ngaphantsi koxinzelelo olulinganisiweyo lwe-62 kPa (9 psi), ukuphambuka kweglasi kubangele ukuphuka, ukushiya ifestile yeglasi ekuvuleni.Zonke izincedisi ze-TSSA zincanyathiselwe kwiglasi epholileyo eyophukileyo, ngokufanayo nakuMzobo 7.
Ngaphantsi kwemeko yokunyusa umthwalo oqhubekayo, isakhelo se-3 savavanywa kabini.Iziphumo zibonise ukuba ukungaphumeleli akuzange kwenzeke de uxinzelelo lufikelele kwithagethi ye-69 kPa (10 psi).Uxinzelelo olulinganisiweyo lwe-48.4 kPa (7.03) psi aluyi kuchaphazela ingqibelelo yecandelo.Ukuqokelela idatha akukwazanga ukuvumela ukuphambuka, kodwa ukubonwa okubonakalayo kwividiyo kubonise ukuba ukuphambuka kwesakhelo se-2 yovavanyo lwe-3 kunye nesakhelo se-4 sovavanyo lwe-7 lwalufana.Ngaphantsi koxinzelelo lokulinganisa lwe-64 kPa (9.28 psi), ukuphambuka kweglasi kulinganiswe kwi-190.5 mm (7.5 ") kubangele ukuphuka, ukushiya ifestile yeglasi ekuvuleni.Zonke izixhobo ze-TSSA zifakwe kwiglasi ephukileyo, efana ne-Figure 7.
Ngokunyuka komthwalo oqhubekayo, isakhelo se-4 savavanywa ngamaxesha e-3.Iziphumo zibonise ukuba ukungaphumeleli akuzange kwenzeke de uxinzelelo lufikelele kwithagethi ye-10 psi okwesibini.Uxinzelelo olulinganisiweyo lwe-46.8 kPa (6.79) kunye ne-64.9 kPa (9.42 psi) aluyi kuchaphazela ingqibelelo yecandelo.Kuvavanyo lwe-8, iglasi yalinganiswa ukugoba i-100 mm (ii-intshi ezi-4).Kulindeleke ukuba lo mthwalo uza kubangela ukuba iglasi iphuke, kodwa amanye amanqaku edatha angafunyanwa.
Kuvavanyo lwe-#9, uxinzelelo olulinganisiweyo lwe-65.9 kPa (9.56 psi) luphambukise iglasi nge-190.5 mm (7.5 ") kwaye lwabangela ukuphuka, ukushiya ifestile yeglasi kwindawo yokuvula.Zonke izixhobo ze-TSSA zifakwe kwiglasi efanayo ephukileyo njenge-Figure 7 Kuzo zonke iimeko, izixhobo zingasuswa ngokulula kwisakhelo sensimbi ngaphandle komonakalo ocacileyo.
I-TSA yovavanyo ngalunye ihlala ingatshintshwanga.Emva kovavanyo, xa iglasi ihlala injalo, akukho tshintsho olubonakalayo kwi-TSSA.Ividiyo enesantya esiphezulu ibonisa ukuphuka kweglasi kwindawo ephakathi kwesithuba kwaye emva koko ishiye ukuvulwa.
Ukusuka kuthelekiso lokungaphumeleli kweglasi kwaye akukho kusilela kuMzobo 8 kunye noMzobo 9, kuyathakazelisa ukuqaphela ukuba imowudi yokuqhekeka kweglasi iyenzeka kude nendawo yokuncamathisela, nto leyo ebonisa ukuba inxalenye engabotshwanga yeglasi ifikelele kwindawo yokugoba. isondela ngokukhawuleza Inqaku lokuvunwa kweglasi elinqabileyo linxulumene nenxalenye ehlala ibotshiwe.
Oku kubonisa ukuba ngexesha lovavanyo, amacwecwe aphukileyo kula macandelo anokuthi ahambe phantsi kwemikhosi yokucheba.Ukudibanisa lo mgaqo kunye nokuqaphela ukuba imo yokungaphumeleli ibonakala i-embrittlement yobunzima beglasi kwi-interface yokubambelela, njengoko umthwalo omiselweyo ukhula, ukusebenza kufuneka kuphuculwe ngokunyusa ubukhulu beglasi okanye ukulawula ukuphambuka ngezinye iindlela.
Uvavanyo lwesi-8 lweSakhelo sesi-4 luyinto emangalisayo emangalisayo kwiziko lovavanyo.Nangona iglasi ingonakaliswanga ukuze isakhelo sinokuvavanywa kwakhona, i-TSSA kunye nemicu yokutywina ejikelezileyo isenokugcina lo mthwalo omkhulu.Inkqubo ye-TSSA isebenzisa ii-attachments ezine ze-60mm ukuxhasa iglasi.Uyilo lwemithwalo yomoya yimithwalo ephilayo kunye nesigxina, zombini kwi-2.5 kPa (50 psf).Olu luyilo oluphakathi, olunolwakhiwo olululo olufanelekileyo, lubonisa imithwalo ephezulu kakhulu, kwaye i-TSSA ihlala injalo.
Olu phononongo lwenziwe ukufumanisa ukuba i-adhesive adhesion ye-glass system ineengozi ezithile okanye iziphene ngokwemiqathango yemigangatho ephantsi yokusebenza kwe-sandblasting.Ngokucacileyo, inkqubo ye-60mm ye-TSSA ye-accessory elula ifakwe kufuphi nomda weglasi kwaye inomsebenzi de iglasi iphuke.Xa iglasi yenzelwe ukuxhathisa ukuphuka, i-TSSA yindlela yokudibanisa esebenzayo enokubonelela ngenqanaba elithile lokukhusela ngelixa igcina iimfuno zesakhiwo zokungafihli kunye nokuvuleka.
Ngokomgangatho we-ASTM F2912-17, amacandelo efestile avavanyiweyo afikelela kwinqanaba le-H1 yengozi kumgangatho oqhelekileyo we-C1.Isixhobo seSadev R1006 esisetyenziswe kuphononongo asichaphazelekanga.
Iglasi epholileyo esetyenziswe kwesi sifundo "ikhonkco elibuthathaka" kwinkqubo.Emva kokuba iglasi iphukile, i-TSSA kunye nomgca wokutywina ojikelezayo awukwazi ukugcina inani elikhulu leglasi, kuba inani elincinci lamaqhekeza eglasi lihlala kwizinto eziphathekayo ze-silicone.
Ukusuka kumbono woyilo kunye nokusebenza, inkqubo yokubambelela ye-TSSA ibonakaliswe ukuba ibonelele ngezinga eliphezulu lokukhusela kumacandelo e-facade eqhumayo kwinqanaba lokuqala lezibonakaliso zokusebenza eziqhumayo, eziye zamkelwa ngokubanzi kwishishini.I-facade evavanyiweyo ibonisa ukuba xa ingozi yokuqhuma iphakathi kwe-41.4 kPa (6 psi) kunye ne-69 kPa (10 psi), ukusebenza kwinqanaba lengozi lihluke kakhulu.
Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuba ukuhlukana kokuhlelwa kweengozi akubangelwa ukungaphumeleli kwe-adhesive njengoko kuboniswe yimowudi yokungaphumeleli kokubambisana kwe-adhesive kunye ne-glass fragments phakathi kweengozi zengozi.Ngokoqwalaselo, ubungakanani beglasi bulungelelaniswe ngokufanelekileyo ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuphambuka ukuze kuthintelwe ukonakala ngenxa yokwanda kwempendulo ye-chear kwi-interface yokugoba kunye nokuncamathisela, ebonakala ngathi yeyona nto iphambili ekusebenzeni.
Uyilo lwexesha elizayo lunokukwazi ukunciphisa inqanaba lengozi phantsi kwemithwalo ephezulu ngokunyusa ubukhulu beglasi, ukulungisa indawo yengongoma ehambelana nomda, kunye nokwandisa ububanzi boqhagamshelwano lwe-adhesive.
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